Labor And The Collective Bargaining Process - 978 Words

1.1 The actors who are generally involved in the collective bargaining process are Management but more specifically, the owners and shareholders, executives and managers and the industrial and human resource people. In the collective bargaining process in labor it is the individual employees and the labor unions which represent them. In local, state, and federal government agencies and the public. It is the government agencies that act as representatives of the public interest and are responsible for making policies. 2.1 Some basic assumptions about labor and conflict are society has an impact on labor activities, that conflict is gong to happen between labor and management. This conflict is not always unhealthy though. Another assumption is that conflict comes from labor and management having different social and economic interests. There are multiple perspectives from labor and management. 3.2 Some of the legal reaction toward unionization before the NLRA were that unions were viewed as criminal conspiracies up until 1842. Unions were viewed as violating a worker s right to bargain with their employer as they wish and was not until Commonwealth vs Hunt that unions were not considered as criminal conspiracies. By 1935 Injunctions became used widely and unions were no longer considered criminal conspiracies. If union activities were found illegal, Judges began putting injunctions against these activities and was the judge s determination if a union s actionShow MoreRelatedProcess For Settling Labor Management Disputes Peacefully1668 Words   |  7 Pagescentury the process for settling labor-management disputes peacefully is known as collective bargaining, and was given statutory legitimacy in 1935 with the adoption of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (Boniface Rashmi, 2013, Barrett, Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Kochan, Ferguson, 2007, Cutcher-Gershenfeld Kochan, 20 04, Cutcher-Gershenfeld McKersie, 2009, Post, 2009). The NLRA gave legal authority for employees to organize and join a union for the purposes of collectively bargaining with theirRead MoreLabor Relations: Collective Bargaining Agreements1588 Words   |  7 PagesCollective Bargaining Collective bargaining is the process which involves negotiation on the employment’s terms between the employer and employees. 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Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesA question that has frequently been ask over the years is, Why should we care about collective bargaining? . The thing that has been missing from the collective bargaining discussion is a real explanation and understanding of the concept. Collective bargaining has been described as a process when employees and their representatives form a united front, known as a union, to negotiate with their employers. These negotiations are usually over things like pay rates and salary amounts, benefits, andRead MoreArbitration And Sports Association And Dispute Resolution Under The American Arbitration Association1099 Words   |  5 Pagesof their discrete dispute. In summation, arbitration is process that is private, speedy, cost efficient, and customized to the liking of the parties involved. Alternative dispute resolution is by no means a recently adopted form of dispute resolution. Courts now yield a vast number alternative dispute resolution alternatives, with even some courts requiring that cases be taken to mediation before the court will allow the litigation process to begin. In many facets of industry, alternative disputeRead MoreCollective Bargaining, Reviewing The Process And The Issues That Commonly Present Themselves1196 Words   |  5 PagesCollective Bargaining, Reviewing the Process and the Issues that Commonly Present Themselves Lucila Munoz* I. Introduction Throughout the years organizations and unions have struggled for rights and benefits for workers. All the while the managers, supervisors and directors have counteracted such behaviors, favoring the companies, to protect them from going out of business. Through collective bargaining both parties have labored to find common ground. Collective bargaining as defined by the CornellRead MoreUnion Unions And Collective Bargaining Agreements772 Words   |  4 PagesA labor union is a group containing workers who come together and organize an organization to champion their interests in the labor market. The union so formed negotiates for better working conditions, increased job security, safer working conditions, better remuneration and compensation perks (Carver, 2011). In this regard, negotiations play a very important role in coming up with collective bargaining agreements, thus a negotiation process to articulate the interests of employees as representedRead MoreLabor Relations And C ollective Bargaining1111 Words   |  5 PagesLabor Relations Collective Bargaining It is stated that the objective of Labor Relations is derived from the employment relationship. With any relationship, there must be a balance. Without balance the relationship will be hindered. To maintain this balance of an employment relationship we focus on the objectives of Labor Relations. These include efficiency, equity and voice. Efficiency is the productive use of resources, equity involves the fair treatment of employees and voice helps integrateRead MoreHow Collective Bargaining Agreements Effect The Players And The Owners1416 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States have in common? If you guessed Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA), Unions, arbitration and strikes/work stoppages you are absolutely correct. In the coming paragraphs, labor relations within the world of sports will be discussed from their unions to how collective bargaining agreements effect both the players and the owners. What is a Collective Bargaining Agreement? CBA is a written and signed document between a company and a labor organization specifying the terms and conditionsRead MoreEffectiveness Of Joint Collaboration Between Unions And Management1414 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between labor and management was very confrontational when he assumed the role of city manager. His experiences with collective bargaining were in very traditional bargaining environments and he had very little experience with interest-based bargaining. This case traces the impact on service, costs, and capacity for problem solving, by demonstrating the conduct of collective bargaining, non-bargaining interactions, and contract administration with the city s three bargaining units. This paper

The, My Eyes Have Seen By Alice Dunbar Nelson Essay

The important theme of resistance towards the institutions of slavery in America is a major factor that contributed to the formation of the United States. Ever since slaves arrived in the Chesapeake in the early seventeenth century, slaves resisted their enslavement just as anyone else would, in order to claim some measure of freedom against an institution that defined people as property. African Americans resisted slavery in many different forms in order to secure customary rights that dictated work routines, the speed of work, rations distributed, and other basic liberties granted to white Americans. Such forms of resistance included everything from armed rebellion and violence to the use of passive thinking, which involved very subtle rebellious engagement. Some strategies that involved passive engagement when resisting the institution of slavery are seen in the article Sounds of Slavery and the one-act play by Alice Dunbar-Nelson’s, â€Å"My Eyes Have Seen†. M ore aggressive and violent forms of resistances towards slavery are present in the fictional film Django Unchained, directed by Quentin Tarantino, and in the book Benito Cereno. Slaves were interested in developing humane values rather than to continue the theme of domination in order to prevent their masters from having complete control over them. They used sounds of voice and music, providing services and opportunities for the benefit of others and African-Americans fought for their basic freedoms and human

Romanticism Versus Realism free essay sample

Romanticism, an artistic movement, flourished in America with its unique artistic style, use of creativity and imagination, and idealization of the setting or characters. Equally as popular, realism described life objectively and without idealization. These two movements were demonstrated in various works of literature. Edgar Allen Poes The Pit and the Pendulum is a work of romanticism as opposed to Ambrose Bierces An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge which is a work of realism. Poes The Pit and the Pendulum is a short story focused on the dark atmosphere of a prisoner aptured by the Spanish Inquisition. In the beginning of the story, Poe sets the mood with foreboding sentences, allowing the reader to feel the hopelessness and despair of the protagonist: l was sick†sick unto death with that long agony felt my senses leaving me. The sentence†the dread sentence of death†was the last of distinct accentuation which reached my ears (292). We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism Versus Realism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The language illustrated in the first few sentences The setting in Poes story is overstated with its gothic-like dungeon. After hat, the sound of the inquisitorial voices seemed merged in one dreamy indeterminate hum I saw the lips of the black-robed Judges. They appeared to me white†whiter than the sheet upon which I trace these words†and thin even to grotesqueness In this excerpt, Poe tell of the mans condemnation at the hand of these Judges. Through his description, Poe is able to illustrate the horror of the situation through the description of the Judges. The black they wear and their pale complexion can represent death. As the narrator awakens in the dark, disgusting prison, the mystery of the story is illustrated. The vibration of the pendulum was at right angles to my length. I saw that the screscent was designed to cross the region of my heart. It would fray the serge of my robe†it would return and reapeat its operation†again†and again Down†steadily down it crept Down†certainly, relentlessly down Down†still unceasingly†still inevitably down! l slid from the embrace of the bandage and beyond the reach of the scimitar. For the moment, as least, I was free. At this point in the story, the suspense is at its peak. The protagonist is about to meet his imminent death, Similar to other romantic works of literature, the story often ends with happily ever after. Poes story is no exception. As the story reaches its final paragraphs, the protagonist is at the brink of his death when a hand catches him: l felt that I tottered upon the brink†I averted my eyes An outstretched arm caught my own as I fell. , fainting into the abyss. It was that of General Lassale. The French army had entered Toledo. The Inquisition was in the hands of its enemies (304). He is saved. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge can be easily identified as a work of realism. Rather than an idealized character, Peyton Fraguhar resembles an average person, a common characteristic of realism. Bierce also A man stood upon a railroad bridge in northern Alabama A rope closely encircled his neck Some loose boards laid upon the sleepers supporting the metals of the railway supplied a footing for him and his executioners Immediately, Bierce begins to establish the setting in the beginning of the story as realistic. As opposed to Poes dark, gothic-like setting, Bierces context is relatively normal. Peyton Farquhar was dead; his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to side beneat n the timbers ot the Owl Creek bridge . The basic ideas ot romanticism are exemplified in Poes short story, The Pit and the Pendelum. Likewise, the basic ideas of realism are exemplified in Bierces An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.

Kant and Nietzsche on Morality an Example by

Kant and Nietzsche on Morality by Expert Prof Nelly | 05 Dec 2016 Two modern day thinkers have deeply influenced major world leaders that helped shaped our history. These thinkers are Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche. We will assess the thoughts of these two, identify their similarities, and finally, discern their differences. This is to help us gain insights on how certain world leaders viewed morality and made major decisions and actions based on the thoughts of these two thinkers. Need essay sample on "Kant and Nietzsche on Morality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant evaluates morality from a metaphysical plane. This is analysis that considers many views to explain what should happen in one central idea (3, 4). Kant also expounds that an empirical plane is a study of what have happened (1) while intelligent common sense usually jumbles what happened with what should have (2). Kant prefers metaphysics as a method of analysis for the simple reason that a philosopher specializes in a carefully mastered area of knowledge (2). On the other hand, the ideas of empiricists are prone to corruption because these may fail to explain other things. Meanwhile, those with intelligent common sense are jack-of-all-trades (2). College Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write assignment for me? Specialists propose: Essay Writing Help Company Get Paid To Write Essays For Students Website That Writes Your Essay Custom Essay Writing Service Reviews For example, a manufacturer of bio-chemical weapons sets up a factory in a small town. Let us call this town, SmallVille. Of course, the residents of SmallVille will have different opinions on the benefits and disadvantages of the plant. Likewise, SmallVille will have different stakeholders, each with their own point of view. How will Kant evaluate the morality of setting up this facility? Kant will start with one point of view, say, from a farmer who has no idea that people will use bio-chemicals as weapons of mass destruction. Furthermore, the era is in the 1750s. We have no televisions or national newspapers. Moreover, only a few highly-specialized scientists know that bio-chemicals are now useful as weapons. Under these conditions, the farmer will naturally conclude that the factory is good if he derives a direct benefit from it. Like say, the plant manager offers to buy tons of the farmer's cow dung for the breeding of Anthrax. Let us assume that only one person, the in-house scientist, knows what Anthrax will do to an entire population. Next, Kant will evaluate the point of view of the plant manager. The plant manager's circumstance, in this case, is unstable. He used to live in New York City. His stockbroker wife is about to divorce him because he accepted the job and she has been left out all alone in New York pursuing her career. He greatly loves his wife. Moreover, he is not used to the inconveniences of rural life. Yet, he chooses to take the job. His reasons are: a) the factory creates new jobs that the U.S. economy needs; and b) the U.S. President personally told him that the factory will help in the country's war effort with Spain. Finally, Kant will evaluate the point of view of the in-house scientist. The scientist's situation is that: a) He is now working on his dream job; b) The company president charged him with quality control in the production of Anthrax and the design of various delivery systems for the virus; and c) He is fully aware that his work will make the U.S. a superpower. In this case, the scientist thinks that he has made a good moral decision and is working diligently in perfecting the most efficient weapon of mass destruction. Working on the three points of view, Kant will prescribe that the good that we do is essentially valuable based on our motivations or will (7). When we do a certain action and accidentally benefit from it as in the case of the farmer, we are not exactly moral because we have done something good that would benefit ourselves or our family (8). When we do our duty, even though we don't like doing it, we are morally good (8). In the theoretical scenario we have presented, the case of the plant manager is the ideal. In the case of the scientist, Kant will say that the scientist is amorally evil. This is simply because he is doing something that basically fulfills his desires yet is fully aware of the negative implications of what he is doing (8). Thus, Kant prescribes that it is our moral duty to do something that will be good to certain groups of people, even though we don't like doing such duties (9). Kant suggests standards for the evaluation of our moral duties. These standards are: a) We must consider several theoretical perspectives (4); b) We must consider the benefits and costs of certain theoretical decisions that we must make (7); and c) We must consider our motivations before acting on a particular decision (9). In the First Essay On the Genealogy of Morals, A Polemical Tract, Nietzsche evaluates morality based on the origin of words, or etymology, with support from historical events and biblical references (Section 4). This is analysis that considers how certain words evolved to describe the concepts of good and evil. Nietzsche supports this analysis with historical facts (Sec. 5) and certain references from the bible (Sec. 7). Nietzsche's method is revolutionary in the sense that while empiricists only study what has happened, Nietzsche studies the evolution of the human language to explain what is happening. He suggests that certain concepts or word meanings change at different time periods (Sec. 7). For example, the present day moral concepts of good, evil, guilt and punishment took a 360 degree turn at a certain point in human history. Nietzsche asserts that what was thought to be good in ancient times is now perceived as evil. He supports this assertion by analyzing the meaning of the word good which means noble. Nietzsche then evaluates the meaning of the word noble and ascribes its meaning to the concept of the nobility, aristocracy or ruling class. From here, based on some examples from Roman history, Nietzsche asserts that good at a certain point in human history denotes strength, action and the will to accomplish things or succeed (Sec. 6., Sec. 10). Through time and because of the rapid proliferation of Christianity, the word good presently denotes weakness' through the biblical concepts of loving your enemies and Jewish resentment or guilt against its neighboring conquerors, inaction' by leaving things to fate or God and pity' for failure to accomplish noble things or failure to take revenge by leaving punishment of the evil man, or the noble class, to God (Sec. 13). Nietzsche suggests a re-evaluation of our morals precisely because of this 360 degree turn in our concepts of morality. Kant's and Nietzsche's thoughts on morality are similar in the sense that both have realized the limitations of studying concepts on morality solely on the basis of things that have happenedhistorical facts. The same historical facts can both positively and/or negatively support a concept. For instance, what is thought to be good in ancient Rome will now be presently considered evil. By supplying a Nietzschean explanation to a Kantian argument on the proneness to error of empirical conclusions, we find a strong similarity in the line of thinking of these two great thinkers. Another similarity is the desire of both thinkers to find explanations beyond the surface of established thinking or norms. Kant and Nietzsche have been brave enough to present arguments that presented ideas and answered problems differently. In fact, the two gave mankind two methods of highly sophisticated critical thinking that are now often taken for granted in the Internet Age. Many will be surprised that what is often thought to be the superiority of empirical research over other methods of research that are academically acceptable has already been challenged by both Kant and Nietzsche. Both thinkers are revolutionary. Kant gave us the foundations for Cost-Benefit Analysis,' the concept of the moral imperative,' and a clearer exposition on the concept of political will' while Nietzsche gave us the concept of the political correctness' of words and a sophisticated awareness that language, like humans, adapt and evolve. In his Prologue, Nietzsche literally disagreed with Kant in how Kant places a low value on the morality of pity (Sec. 5). For Kant, pity has a low value if it just serves as a means in doing a moral duty. It achieves a higher value when the same moral duty is done with self-sacrifice (8). For Nietzsche on the other hand, pity is a desirable quality of the noble for it connotes the strength of being good. Another disagreement or difference is on the concept of self-sacrifice. Kant places a high value on self-sacrifice. Kant based his ideal on the concept of moral duty around this. Without self-sacrifice, Kant's principle on the evaluation of morality does not hold water (8). Meanwhile, Nietzsche suggests in his First Essay that Jesus Christ's ultimate self-sacrifice by being nailed on the cross strengthened the present day concepts of good and evil. Self-sacrifice became a tool of the weak, resentful Jewish against the strong rulers and conquerors surrounding Israel or Judea who made Jewish life miserable in Biblical times. Christ's self-sacrifice serves as a turning point in the drastic change in what is formerly known to be good and evil (Sec. 15). This way Nietzsche positioned Kant's concept of self-sacrifice as an invention of the weak, common people which ultimately displaced the ancient Roman concept of what is good based on nobility, strength and the drive to succeed. Finally, both thinkers differ in the method they use to analyze and evaluate morality. Kant uses metaphysics while Nietzsche uses genealogy through the careful mix of etymology, historical analysis and biblical references. Kant's method essentially involves theoretical thinking to balance a variety of perspectives. Meanwhile, Nietzsche's method appears to be an empirical variant which creatively uses the origin of words to explain the present day concept of morality. Kant would basically describe Nietzsche's method as that of intelligent common sense where theoretical and practical concepts are primitively jumbled. However, Nietzsche method is far from being primitive in the sense that he provides a revolutionary variation by offering an alternative form of analysis by assessing the evolution of words against history. Nietzsche method only becomes primitive in the sense that some biblical references that he uses to support his ideas are the simple opinions and musings of persons that cannot be considered events in fact. Looking back in history circa World War II, we will find how two major world leaders made their decisions based on the methods and thinking of Kant and Nietzsche. Imagine President Harry Truman as he weighs his options before deciding on authorizing the development of the atomic bomb and practically dropping it in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Truman would have theoretically weighed the costs and benefits of his decision for a bomb that has never been made or dropped in earlier history. That would have been a hard decision that Truman did not like to make but has to be made because it was Truman's moral duty to do so. Moreover, recent films on similar scenarios have already been made and authors like Tom Clancy have created stories leveraging on Kant's method of metaphysics yet we would have not imagined that such story lines were based on the thoughts and ideas of Kant. Imagine Adolph Hitler's moral judgments as he decides on annihilating the Jews, thinking that it was his moral duty to do so to cleanse the world of this weak race. We would have thought that this idea is repulsive and morally evil but scheming beyond the surface, we would have seen an alternate point of view that seems to be reasonable, yet disturbing. Imagine the word kill and its politically correct' 21st Century equivalent, neutralize. Better yet, imagine the sentence She provides excellent leadership, and its plain translation to: She gives good head. This example suggests some naughty sexual connotation but in world diplomacy, a failure to understand Kant's or Nietzsche's concepts on morality, metaphysics and/or genealogy would not simply turn into trivial jokes but would likely result in world changing events, like war yet hopefully, we would always want to shape this world through peace. Works Cited Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals. Trans. Jonathan Bennet. July 2005. Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morals, A Polemical Tract. Ian Johnston. British Columbia: Malaspina University-College. 21 December 2001.